Mit VBA oder mit Excel Power Query.

VBA:

Option Explicit

Private Type FolderInfo
  Id As Long
  Status As String
  FullName As String
End Type

Private Sub GetFolders()
  
  Dim rngFolderIds As Excel.Range
  Dim rngFolderId As Excel.Range
  Dim udtInfo As FolderInfo
  Dim strPath As String
  Dim strResult As String
  
  With Worksheets("Tabelle1") '<< ggf. anpassen
    Set rngFolderIds = .Range("A1", .Cells(.Rows.Count, "A").End(xlUp)) '<< ggf. anpassen
  End With
  
  ' muss mit Backslash '\' enden
  strPath = "C:\Mein Verzeichnis\" '<< anpassen
  
  strResult = Dir$(strPath, vbDirectory)
  Do While strResult <> ""
    
    If strResult = "." Or strResult = ".." Then
      GoTo Continue_Do
    End If
    
    If Not TryParseFolderName(strPath & strResult, udtInfo) Then
      GoTo Continue_Do
    End If
    
    Set rngFolderId = rngFolderIds.Find(udtInfo.Id, , xlValues, xlWhole, xlByColumns, MatchCase:=False)
    If rngFolderId Is Nothing Then
      GoTo Continue_Do
    End If
    
    rngFolderId.Worksheet.Cells(rngFolderId.Row, "E").Value = udtInfo.Status
    
Continue_Do:
    strResult = Dir$()
  Loop
  
End Sub

Private Function TryParseFolderName(Folder As String, ByRef FolderInfo As FolderInfo) As Boolean
  
  Dim fi As FolderInfo
  
  With CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp")
    .Global = False
    .IgnoreCase = True
    .MultiLine = False
    .Pattern = "([^\\_]+?(\d+))_+([^\\_]+)_+(.+)"
    With .Execute(Folder)
      If .Count > 0 Then
        fi.Id = CLng(.Item(0).Submatches(1))
        fi.Status = .Item(0).Submatches(2)
        fi.FullName = .Item(0).Value
        FolderInfo = fi
        TryParseFolderName = True
      End If
    End With
  End With
  
End Function

Grüße