... das es dir wirklich nur um die Werte der Attribute geht, hier ein Beispiel:

Option Explicit

Sub Test()
  
  'LateBinding
  Dim xmlDoc As Object
  Dim xmlNode As Object
  Set xmlDoc = CreateObject("MSXML2.DOMDocument")
  
'  'EarlyBinding (needs Reference to 'Microsoft XML, v?.?')
'  Dim xmlDoc As MSXML2.DOMDocument
'  Dim xmlNode As MSXML2.IXMLDOMNode
'  Set xmlDoc = New MSXML2.DOMDocument
  
  xmlDoc.async = False
  
  If xmlDoc.Load("D:\test.xml") Then
    
    For Each xmlNode In xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("Attribute")
      With xmlNode.Attributes.getNamedItem("Name")
        Select Case .NodeValue
          Case "FunctionBlockDiagramNumber":  .NodeValue = "NEW_FunctionBlockDiagramNumber"
          Case "SoftwareSignalName":          .NodeValue = "NEW_SoftwareSignalName"
          Case "FBName":                      .NodeValue = "NEW_FBName"
          Case "FBDesignation":               .NodeValue = "NEW_FBDesignation"
          Case "FBCycleTime":                 .NodeValue = "NEW_FBCycleTime"
          Case "MeasurementRangeStart":       .NodeValue = "NEW_MeasurementRangeStart"
          Case "MeasurementRangeEnd":         .NodeValue = "NEW_MeasurementRangeEnd"
          Case "NegativeLogic":               .NodeValue = "NEW_NegativeLogic"
          Case "SubstituteValue":             .NodeValue = "NEW_SubstituteValue"
          Case "SoftwareSignalType":          .NodeValue = "NEW_SoftwareSignalType"
          Case "StatusAt0":                   .NodeValue = "NEW_StatusAt0"
          Case "StatusAt1":                   .NodeValue = "NEW_StatusAt1"
          Case Else:                          .NodeValue = "NEW_UNKNOWN_" & .NodeValue
        End Select
      End With
    Next
    
    Debug.Print xmlDoc.XML
    
  End If
  
End Sub